Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-10 (of 10 Records) |
Query Trace: Yendell S[original query] |
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Methods for Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Reported COVID-19 Cases in U.S. Children, August 2020—May 2021 (preprint)
Couture A , Lyons BC , Mehrotra ML , Sosa L , Ezike N , Ahmed FS , Brown CM , Yendell S , Azzam IA , Katić BJ , Cope A , Dickerson K , Stone J , Traxler LB , Dunn JR , Davis LB , Reed C , Clarke KEN , Flannery B , Charles MD . medRxiv 2021 2021.09.26.21263756 Background and Objectives Case-based surveillance of pediatric COVID-19 cases underestimates the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children and adolescents. Our objectives were to: 1) estimate monthly SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among children aged 0-17 years and 2) calculate ratios of SARS-CoV-2 infections to reported COVID-19 cases among children and adolescents in 14 U.S. states.Methods Using data from commercial laboratory seroprevalence surveys, we estimated monthly SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among children aged 0-17 years from August 2020 through May 2021. Seroprevalence estimates were based on SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid immunoassays from February to May 2021. We compared estimated numbers of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 by May 2021 to cumulative incidence of confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases from case-based surveillance, and calculated infection: case ratios by state and type of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid immunoassay used for seroprevalence testing.Results Analyses included 67,321 serum specimens tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among children in 14 U.S. states. Estimated ratios of SARS-CoV-2 infections to reported confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases among children and adolescents varied by state and type of immunoassay, ranging from 0.8-13.3 in May 2021.Conclusions Through May 2021, the majority of children in selected states did not have detectable SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. Case-based surveillance underestimated the number of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, however the predicted extent of the underestimate varied by state, immunoassay, and over time. Continued monitoring of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence should inform prevention and vaccination strategies.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.Funding StatementFunding for this work was supported by CDC (Atlanta, Georgia).Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:This activity was reviewed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and determined to be consistent with non human participant research activity. Informed consent was waived, as data were deidentified. All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesDeidentified individual participant data will not be made available.CDCCenters of Disease Control and PreventionMIS-CMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in childrenEUAEmergency Use AuthorizationFDAU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationACIPAdvisory Committee on Immunizations PracticesNNucleocapsidSSpikeIgImmunoglobulinCIConfidence intervals |
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence and Reported Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in US Children, August 2020-May 2021.
Couture A , Lyons BC , Mehrotra ML , Sosa L , Ezike N , Ahmed FS , Brown CM , Yendell S , Azzam IA , Katić BJ , Cope A , Dickerson K , Stone J , Traxler LB , Dunn JR , Davis LB , Reed C , Clarke KEN , Flannery B , Charles MD . Open Forum Infect Dis 2022 9 (3) ofac044 BACKGROUND: Case-based surveillance of pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases underestimates the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among children and adolescents. Our objectives were to estimate monthly SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence and calculate ratios of SARS-CoV-2 infections to reported COVID-19 cases among children and adolescents in 8 US states. METHODS: Using data from the Nationwide Commercial Laboratory Seroprevalence Survey, we estimated monthly SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among children aged 0-17 years from August 2020 through May 2021. We calculated and compared cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection extrapolated from population-standardized seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, cumulative COVID-19 case reports since March 2020, and infection-to-case ratios among persons of all ages and children aged 0-17 years for each state. RESULTS: Of 41 583 residual serum specimens tested, children aged 0-4, 5-11, and 12-17 years accounted for 1619 (3.9%), 10 507 (25.3%), and 29 457 (70.8%), respectively. Median SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence among children increased from 8% (range, 6%-20%) in August 2020 to 37% (range, 26%-44%) in May 2021. Estimated ratios of SARS-CoV-2 infections to reported COVID-19 cases in May 2021 ranged by state from 4.7-8.9 among children and adolescents to 2.2-3.9 for all ages combined. CONCLUSIONS: Through May 2021 in selected states, the majority of children with serum specimens included in serosurveys did not have evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case-based surveillance underestimated the number of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 more than among all ages. Continued monitoring of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence should inform prevention and vaccination strategies. |
Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 Sites in the United States, March 23-May 12, 2020.
Havers FP , Reed C , Lim T , Montgomery JM , Klena JD , Hall AJ , Fry AM , Cannon DL , Chiang CF , Gibbons A , Krapiunaya I , Morales-Betoulle M , Roguski K , Rasheed MAU , Freeman B , Lester S , Mills L , Carroll DS , Owen SM , Johnson JA , Semenova V , Blackmore C , Blog D , Chai SJ , Dunn A , Hand J , Jain S , Lindquist S , Lynfield R , Pritchard S , Sokol T , Sosa L , Turabelidze G , Watkins SM , Wiesman J , Williams RW , Yendell S , Schiffer J , Thornburg NJ . JAMA Intern Med 2020 IMPORTANCE: Reported cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection likely underestimate the prevalence of infection in affected communities. Large-scale seroprevalence studies provide better estimates of the proportion of the population previously infected. OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convenience samples from several geographic sites in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study performed serologic testing on a convenience sample of residual sera obtained from persons of all ages. The serum was collected from March 23 through May 12, 2020, for routine clinical testing by 2 commercial laboratory companies. Sites of collection were San Francisco Bay area, California; Connecticut; south Florida; Louisiana; Minneapolis-St Paul-St Cloud metro area, Minnesota; Missouri; New York City metro area, New York; Philadelphia metro area, Pennsylvania; Utah; and western Washington State. EXPOSURES: Infection with SARS-CoV-2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and estimates were standardized to the site populations by age and sex. Estimates were adjusted for test performance characteristics (96.0% sensitivity and 99.3% specificity). The number of infections in each site was estimated by extrapolating seroprevalence to site populations; estimated infections were compared with the number of reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases as of last specimen collection date. RESULTS: Serum samples were tested from 16 025 persons, 8853 (55.2%) of whom were women; 1205 (7.5%) were 18 years or younger and 5845 (36.2%) were 65 years or older. Most specimens from each site had no evidence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Adjusted estimates of the proportion of persons seroreactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies ranged from 1.0% in the San Francisco Bay area (collected April 23-27) to 6.9% of persons in New York City (collected March 23-April 1). The estimated number of infections ranged from 6 to 24 times the number of reported cases; for 7 sites (Connecticut, Florida, Louisiana, Missouri, New York City metro area, Utah, and western Washington State), an estimated greater than 10 times more SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred than the number of reported cases. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: During March to early May 2020, most persons in 10 diverse geographic sites in the US had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. The estimated number of infections, however, was much greater than the number of reported cases in all sites. The findings may reflect the number of persons who had mild or no illness or who did not seek medical care or undergo testing but who still may have contributed to ongoing virus transmission in the population. |
Response to the US FDA LeadCare Testing Systems Recall and CDC Health Alert
Mason J , Ortiz D , Pappas S , Quigley S , Yendell S , Ettinger AS . J Public Health Manag Pract 2019 25 S91-s97 On May 17, 2017, the Food and Drug Administration issued a safety recall for the Magellan Diagnostics' LeadCare Testing Systems due to the potential for inaccurately low blood lead test results when used with venous blood samples. Concurrently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health alert with retesting recommendations for specific high-risk populations. The purpose of the CDC retesting recommendations was to help identify high-risk individuals so that those potentially impacted by falsely low test results could be retested and receive appropriate follow-up care. The CDC's Lead Poisoning Prevention Program sought to understand how the recall and recommendations impacted state and local public health agencies. Childhood lead poisoning prevention programs (CLPPPs) in state and local public health agencies collect blood lead test results for children and had a lead role in identifying children for retesting. Case studies are presented that highlight the experiences of 4 state CLPPPs in responding to the recall and recommendations. Collectively, the case studies point to several lessons learned, including the importance of (1) having a well-functioning surveillance system in place prior to a serious incident; (2) having a clear understanding of the roles partners play in the continuum of care for children potentially exposed to lead; and (3) ensuring effective communications with all staff, both internal and external, to public health agencies that have a role in responding to a serious incident. The ability to respond to public health emergencies or other serious incidents takes the combined effort of federal, state, and local public health agencies as well as others in the health care delivery system. The CDC will continue to support state and local lead poisoning prevention programs so that they have the information and tools they need to address and prevent the health effects of lead exposures in communities. |
Lead exposure among workers at a shipyard - Wisconsin, 2015-2016
Weiss D , Baertlein LA , Yendell SJ , Christensen KY , Tomasallo CD , Creswell PD , Camponeschi JL , Meiman JG , Anderson HA . J Occup Environ Med 2018 60 (10) 928-935 OBJECTIVE: In March 2016, the state health departments of Wisconsin and Minnesota learned of three shipyard workers with blood lead levels (BLLs) >40 mug/dL. An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of and risk factors for the exposure. METHODS: We defined a case as an elevated BLL >/=5 mug/dL in a shipyard worker. Workers were interviewed regarding their symptoms and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. RESULTS: Of 357 workers, 65.0% had received >/=1 BLL test. Among tested workers, 171 (73.7%) had BLLmax >/=5 mug/dL. Workers who received respirator training or fit testing had a median BLLmax of 18.0 mug/dL, similar to the median BLLmax of workers who did not receive such training (22.6 mug/dL, P = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the importance of adequate provision and use of PPE to prevent occupational lead exposure. |
Notes from the field: Occupational lead exposures at a shipyard - Douglas County, Wisconsin, 2016
Weiss D , Yendell SJ , Baertlein LA , Christensen KY , Tomasallo CD , Creswell PD , Camponeschi JL , Meiman JG , Anderson HA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017 66 (1) 34 On March 28, 2016, the Minnesota Poison Control System was consulted by an emergency department provider regarding clinical management of a shipyard worker with a blood lead level (BLL) >60 μg/dL; the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health defines elevated BLLs as ≥5 μg/dL (1). The Minnesota Poison Control System notified the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH). Concurrently, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) received laboratory reports concerning two workers from the same shipyard with BLLs >40 μg/dL. These three workers had been retrofitting the engine room of a 690-foot vessel since January 4, 2016. | Work was suspended during March 29–April 4 in the vessel’s engine room, the presumptive primary source of lead exposure. On March 29, the shipyard partnered with a local occupational health clinic to provide testing for workers. Employees and their household members were also tested by general practitioners and local laboratories. The shipyard hired sanitation crews for lead clean-up and abatement and provided personal protective equipment for its employees. On April 1, WDHS and MDH issued advisories to alert regional health care organizations, local public health agencies, and tribal health departments to the situation and launched a joint investigation on April 4. Subsequently, WDHS activated its Incident Command System and worked with MDH to compile a list of potentially exposed workers. By August 31, a total of 357 workers who might have been employed at the shipyard during December 2015–March 2016 had been identified. | During April–July 2016, WDHS and MDH attempted telephone interviews with workers. The goal of the interviews was to gather information regarding employment history, work tasks, personal exposure prevention, symptoms commonly associated with lead exposures, and take-home contamination prevention and household composition and to convey health messages. |
A multistate investigation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:- infections as part of an international outbreak associated with frozen feeder rodents
Cartwright EJ , Nguyen T , Melluso C , Ayers T , Lane C , Hodges A , Li X , Quammen J , Yendell SJ , Adams J , Mitchell J , Rickert R , Klos R , Williams IT , Barton Behravesh C , Wright J . Zoonoses Public Health 2015 63 (1) 62-71 While most human Salmonella infections result from exposure to contaminated foods, an estimated 11% of all Salmonella infections are attributed to animal exposures, including both direct animal handling and indirect exposures such as cleaning cages and handling contaminated pet food. This report describes the epidemiologic, environmental and laboratory investigations conducted in the United States as part of the response to an international outbreak of tetracycline-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:- infections with over 500 illnesses occurring from 2008 to 2010. This investigation found that illness due to the outbreak strain was significantly associated with exposure to pet reptiles and frozen feeder rodents used as food for pet reptiles. Salmonella isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strain were isolated from a frozen feeder mice-fed reptile owned by a case patient, as well as from frozen feeder mice and environmental samples collected from a rodent producing facility (Company A). An international voluntary recall of all Company A produced frozen feeder animals sold between May 2009 and July 2010 occurred. Only 13% of cases in our investigation were aware of the association between Salmonella infection and mice or rats. Consumers, the pet industry, healthcare providers and veterinarians need to be aware of the potential health risk posed by feeder rodents, whether live or frozen. Frozen feeder rodent producers, suppliers and distributors should follow the animal food labelling requirements as described in 21 CFR section sign501.5, and all packages of frozen feeder rodents should include safe handling instructions. Persons should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling live or frozen feeder rodents, as well as reptiles or anything in the area where the animals live. Continued opportunities exist for public health officials, the pet industry, veterinarians and consumers to work together to prevent salmonellosis associated with pet food, pets and other animals. |
Colorado tick fever in the United States, 2002-2012
Yendell SJ , Fischer M , Staples JE . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015 15 (5) 311-6 BACKGROUND: Colorado tick fever (CTF) is an acute systemic febrile illness caused by the CTF virus (CTFV). The last national summary of CTF cases in the United States included cases reported through 2001. This study summarizes national surveillance data for CTF from 2002 through 2012 and examines trends in the epidemiology and testing of identified CTF cases. METHODS: Because CTF is not nationally notifiable, we identified CTF cases through solicited reports from state health departments and diagnostic laboratory records. For all cases, we collected data on age, sex, county of residence, travel history, symptom onset date, laboratory testing, and clinical outcome. Poisson regression was used to examine trends over time in case counts, and simple linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine trends in case characteristics. RESULTS: From 2002 through 2012, 75 CTF cases were identified with a median of five cases per year (range 3-14). Forty-seven (63%) cases occurred in males and 49 (65%) occurred in people aged ≥40 years. The majority (80%) of cases had onset of illness during May through July. Cases occurred in residents of 14 states but the infections were acquired in six western states. Wyoming had the highest annual incidence of CTF among residents (3.4 cases per million population), followed by Montana (1.5 per million), and Utah (0.5 per million). Over the 11 years, there was an increase in the proportion of cases diagnosed by RT-PCR testing and in the proportion of cases among travelers to another state. CONCLUSIONS: CTF cases continue to occur annually among residents and visitors to the western United States. Public health prevention messages about decreasing tick exposure should be targeted to residents and travelers who will spend time outdoors in an endemic region during the spring and summer months. |
Outbreak of Francisella novicida bacteremia among inmates at a Louisiana correctional facility
Brett ME , Respicio-Kingry LB , Yendell S , Ratard R , Hand J , Balsamo G , Scott-Waldron C , O'Neal C , Kidwell D , Yockey B , Singh P , Carpenter J , Hill V , Petersen JM , Mead P . Clin Infect Dis 2014 59 (6) 826-33 BACKGROUND: Francisella novicida is a rare cause of human illness despite its close genetic relationship to F. tularensis, the agent of tularemia. During April-July 2011, three inmates at a Louisiana correctional facility developed F. novicida bacteremia; one died acutely. METHODS: We interviewed surviving inmates; reviewed laboratory, medical, and housing records; and conducted an environmental investigation. Clinical and environmental samples were tested by culture, real-time PCR and multi-gene sequencing. Isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Clinical isolates were identified as F. novicida based on sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA, pgm and pdpD genes. PmeI PFGE patterns for the clinical isolates were indistinguishable. Source patients were aged 40-56 years, male, African American, and all were immunocompromised. Two patients presented with signs of bacterial peritonitis; the third had pyomyositis of the thigh. The three inmates had no contact with one another; their only shared exposures were consumption of municipal water and of ice mass produced at the prison in an unenclosed building. Swabs from one set of ice machines and associated ice scoops yielded evidence of F. novicida by PCR and sequencing. All other environmental specimens tested negative. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first reported common-source outbreak of F. novicida infections in humans. Epidemiological and laboratory evidence implicate contaminated ice as the likely vehicle of transmission; liver disease may be a predisposing factor. Clinicians, laboratorians and public health officials should be aware of the potential for misidentification of F. novicida as F. tularenis. |
Use of laboratory reports as predictors of West Nile virus disease cases, Texas, 2008-2012
Yendell SJ , Taylor J , Biggerstaff BJ , Tabony L , Staples JE , Fischer M . Epidemiol Infect 2014 143 (2) 1-8 We evaluated laboratory reports as early indicators of West Nile virus (WNV) disease cases in Texas. We compared WNV laboratory results in the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System Base System (NBS) to WNV disease cases reported to the state health department from 2008 to 2012. We calculated sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of NBS reports, estimated the number of disease cases expected per laboratory report, and determined lead and lag times. The sensitivity and PPV of NBS laboratory reports were 86% and 77%, respectively. For every 10 positive laboratory reports, we expect 9.0 (95% confidence interval 8.9-9.2) reported disease cases. Laboratory reports preceded case reports with a lead time of 7 days. Electronic laboratory reports provided longer lead times than manually entered reports (P < 0.01). NBS laboratory reports are useful estimates of future reported WNV disease cases and may provide timely information for planning public health interventions. |
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